Goat production in Ecuador: Current status, bioproductive behavior, and prospects for genetic improvement
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Abstract
Context: In Ecuador, goats are an important source of protein and influence the socioeconomic development of the rural population, but there is no precise knowledge about the country's goat population and its growth dynamics, the predominant genotypes in each region, goat production systems, their bioproductive performance, and the morphometry of these animals.
Objective: To provide a reference document for teachers, researchers, and producers on key aspects of goat production in Ecuador, existing breeds, production systems used, bioproductive behavior, and genetic improvement strategies.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical review was conducted based on theoretical and practical contributions, using scientific articles and official publications from academic, technological, and scientific institutions.
Results: The review focused on the goat population, the breeds present in the country, their reproductive and productive behavior, their morphometric parameters, and the prospects for genetic improvement. The goat population in Ecuador decreased to 57,849 head in 2022, of which 94.77, 5.03, and 0.20% are found in the Sierra, Coast, and Oriente regions, respectively. Extensive production systems and the Creole breed predominate, with morphometric parameters that differ according to the region and low productivity.
Conclusions: Genetic improvement programs must be implemented for the Ecuadorian Creole goat, using the Boer, Nubian, Saanen, and Anglo-Nubian breeds to improve productivity and meat, milk, and dual-purpose aptitude, respectively.
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