The bacterial microbiome: a sustainable strategy for the management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in banana cultivation
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Abstract
Context: Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), particularly Tropical Race 4 (TR4), represents the most devastating threat to global banana production. The inefficacy of conventional control practices has spurred the search for other sustainable alternatives.
Objectives: To synthesize the scientific research from the last five years (2020-2024) on the use of the bacterial microbiome as a biocontrol strategy against Foc.
Methods: A critical search and synthesis of the scientific literature from the last five years (2020-2024) was conducted on the use of antagonistic bacteria, microbial consortia, and metagenomic approaches for the biocontrol of Foc.
Results: Analysis of the literature demonstrates that the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most extensively studied antagonists, exerting their effects through mechanisms such as antibiosis, competition for iron, direct parasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance in the plant. The superior efficacy of microbial consortia over single strains is highlighted, owing to synergistic effects. Furthermore, advances in the characterization of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria through metagenomic approaches are explored. While in vitro and greenhouse results are highly promising, field efficacy remains a challenge due to environmental factors and soil complexity.
Conclusions: The microbiome modulation represents the most robust paradigm for the integrated management of the disease, although its commercial-scale application requires the optimization of formulations and delivery methods to ensure the stability and persistence of bacterial inoculants.
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