Effect of 60Co gamma rays on seeds of two cultivars of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and evaluation of the first generation of mutants
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Abstract
Context: Most agricultural products we know are the result of genetic improvement aimed at enhancing plants in relation to their environment and achieving higher yields.
Objective: To evaluate the radiosensitivity of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to different doses of 60Co gamma rays for use in genetic improvement.
Methods: Laboratory and field work was carried out at Unidad Científico Tecnológica de Base, Los Palacios, Cuba. Mature soybean seeds were irradiated with a 60Co source, and the percentage of germination, seedling height, and root length were evaluated. In addition, dose-effect curves, LD50, and GR50 were determined, and radiation dose ranges were selected for the improvement process. Similarly, the total number of pods and seeds, number of seeds per pod, total seed mass, and harvest index were evaluated in the first generation of mutants of the ‘DT-26’ cultivar.
Results: Radiation had no effect on germination, while survival, seedling height, and root length decreased with increasing dose. Doses of 300 and 400 Gy for the ‘DT-26’ cultivar and 500 Gy for the ‘INCASOY 36’ cultivar comprise the dose ranges most likely to induce mutations.
Conclusions: The proposed irradiation doses generated elite soybean lines that outperform the non-irradiated control in agronomically important traits.
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